Diabetes Education and Research Center
Tips for Managing your Diabetes

Blood Sugar Testing

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The only way to know your blood sugar level is to test it!

What is a good blood sugar range for a person with diabetes?

• A good fasting blood sugar (before breakfast) is < 110 mg/dl.*
• A good blood sugar before bedtime is < 140 mg/dl.*

  Remember that everyone is different and their readings will vary. Check with your doctor to find out your target blood sugar range.

How do I check my blood sugar?

• Wash your hands with soap and water. Use warm water to allow more blood to circulate to the fingers. Dry your hands well before you pierce your finger.
• Pierce the side of your finger. The tip of the finger contains more nerve endings and will hurt more than the side of your finger when pierced.
• Change which finger you pierce each time you test your blood sugar. Using the same finger will cause the skin to become tough and more difficult to stick.

  If you have questions about how to use your monitor call the toll-free telephone number listed on the monitor.

When should I check my blood sugar?

You and your doctor can learn something about your control each time you test and record your blood sugar. The best times to check your blood sugar are:

• In the morning, before breakfast.
• 2 hours after a meal.
• Before you go to bed at night.
• Before and after you exercise.

If you are sick, have a fever or diarrhea, or have had changes in your medications, check your blood sugar more often.

Keep a log of your blood sugar levels, including the date and time of measurement. Bring this record with you each time you see your doctor. This will give you and your doctor a chance to check your blood sugar control and make changes in your treatment plan.

What is my A1c Test?

Self blood sugar testing reveals your blood sugar level at a particular moment. A1c is a blood test that reveals your average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months. The result of this test gives you and your doctor a bigger picture of how well your diabetes is being controlled over time.

What do the results of the A1c test mean?

The results of the A1c test are given as percentages:
• 6% = an average blood sugar of 120 mg/dl.
• 7% = an average blood sugar of 150 mg/dl.
• 8% = an average blood sugar of 180 mg/dl.
• 9% = an average blood sugar of 210 mg/dl.

A good A1c reading is below 6.5%.* Studies show that blood sugar levels under 150 mg/dl and A1c readings under 6.5%* reduce the risk of health problems related to poorly controlled diabetes, such as kidney, eye, heart, blood vessel, and nerve damage.

At least once a year show your doctor or diabetes nurse educator your blood glucose monitor and talk about any questions you may have.

* Reflects the new Diabetes Screening and Management Guidelines set by the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), 2001.

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